Key challenges with SLM include low laser absorption when dealing with highly reflective materials such as titanium alloys, as well as stress and deformation that can occur during the manufacturing process.

Optimizing SLM process parameters includes adjusting laser power, scanning speed, powder layer thickness and scanning strategy. The optimal parameter combination can be found through experiments and simulations.

Choose high-speed steel or carbide tools and use a proper lubrication/cooling system to reduce tool wear and prevent overheating. Proper cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut are key.

Using sharp tools and maintaining high cutting speeds can improve surface quality. At the same time, proper use of cutting fluid can effectively reduce surface roughness.

The uniformity and adhesion of the anodized layer can be a problem and are usually solved by adjusting the composition of the electrolyte and processing parameters.

Surface preparation before electroplating is key, including cleaning and pretreatment steps to ensure good adhesion and uniformity of the electroplated layer.